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Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus

¹ Associate Professor of Neurology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
² Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Jan Malm PhD, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University 901 85 Umeå, Sweden;
jan.malm@neuro.umu.se

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Hydrocephalus can present with acute or chronic symptoms at any age. Obstructive and communicating hydrocephalus are the two main types. In adults, the most common form of the latter is normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) with a mean age at onset of about 70 years, equally common in both sexes. This review will focus on the idiopathic variant of the disease (INPH), the typical features of which are imbalance, gait disturbance, urinary symptoms, and cognitive decline. Although the treatment is surgical, by placing a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) shunt, neurologists are essential for diagnosing patients with gait disturbance and/or ventriculomegaly, for preoperative selection of shunt candidates, and to optimise the CSF shunt system postoperatively.

EPIDEMIOLOGY

Very little is known about the incidence and prevalence of INPH. In a door to door survey in people older than 65 years, 0.7% of the population had Parkinson’s disease and 0.4% NPH.¹ In Sweden, between three and . . . [Full text of this article]

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