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Carphology by Rajendra

Making lumbar puncture more comfortable

A systematic review of diagnostic lumbar puncture techniques that may decrease the risk of adverse events comes to mostly predictable conclusions. Small-gauge, atraumatic needles decrease the risk of headache after lumbar puncture, as does reinsertion of the stylet before removing the needle—but bed rest does not. And a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): blood glucose ratio of 0.4 or less, CSF white blood cell count of 500/µl or more, and CSF lactate level of 31.5 mg/dl or more accurately diagnose bacterial meningitis.

JAMA 2006;296:2012–22.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Breast feeding does not influence IQ

Breast feeding has many virtues, but it has little or no effect on intelligence in children. These are the findings of a longitudinal survey of 5475 children, the offspring of 3161 mothers in the 1979 US national longitudinal survey of youth. Although breast feeding was associated with a higher IQ in children, this effect was mostly accounted for by maternal IQ as more . . . [Full text of this article]