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A cognitive bedside assessment beyond the MMSE: the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination
1 Human Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
2 MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr T H Bak
Human Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK; thomas.bak@ed.ac.uk
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
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Few clinical tests have had such a meteoric rise in popularity as the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Originally developed in the early 1970s by a group of psychiatrists with the aim of "serial testing of the cognitive mental state in patients on a neurogeriatric ward", only a few decades later it has become the most widely used tool for cognitive assessment in a wide range of neurological diseases. As such, it was introduced to the readers of Practical Neurology by Ridha and Rossor.1 However, as the authors point out in their article, the MMSE has several serious limitations (table 1
), such as its over-reliance on verbal cognitive function at the expense of non-dominant hemisphere skills and executive functions. In fact, the MMSE is based almost entirely on verbal assessment of memory and attention. It is insensitive to frontal-executive dysfunction and visuospatial deficits. The assessment of memory and language is
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Practical Neurology 2007 7: 209.
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- much still needs to be done to make tests of cognitive function fit for purpose
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