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Pract Neurol 2009;9:16-26 doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.167155
  • Review

The neurology of HTLV-1 infection

  1. S A Cooper,
  2. M Schim van der Loeff,
  3. G P Taylor
  1. 1
    Neurology Specialist Registrar, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, UK
  2. 2
    Senior Epidemiologist, GGD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
  3. 3
    Reader in Communicable Diseases, Department of Genitourinary Medicine & Communicable Diseases, Imperial College, London, UK
  1. Dr S Cooper, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Southern General Hospital, 1345 Govan Road, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK; sarah.cooper{at}doctors.org.uk

    Abstract

    HTLV-1 is a significant global health problem but remains largely confined to endemic areas and risk groups. However, increasing migration may mean that the virus will be encountered more frequently in areas traditionally thought of as virtually free of HTLV-1. In this review we discuss the epidemiology, transmission, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of HTLV-1, focussing specifically on the neurological manifestations. We highlight the circumstances in which HTLV-1 should be suspected and outline the current understanding of HTLV-1-associated myelopathy and other neurological presentations.

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