Some visual field defects and their more typical causes
| Field defect | Localisation | Seen in |
| Arcuate scotoma | Optic nerve, retinal nerve fibre layer | Glaucoma, papilloedema, optic neuritis, ischaemic optic neuropathy, optic disc drusen, branch retinal artery occlusion |
| Altitudinal field loss | Optic nerve, retinal nerve fibre layer | Ischaemic optic neuropathy, optic neuritis |
| Central scotoma | Macula, optic nerve, retinal nerve fibre layer | Macular lesions, optic neuritis, ischaemic and other optic neuropathies |
| Centrocaecal scotoma | Optic nerve, retinal nerve fibre layer | Toxic/nutritional optic neuropathy |
| Concentric constriction and enlarged blind spot | Optic nerve, retina | Papilloedema, optic disc drusen |
| Hemianopia | ||
| Bitemporal | Optic chiasm | Disease of the optic chiasm (usually adjacent tumour) |
| Homonymous | Retrochiasmal (ie, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiations, visual cortex) | Strokes, tumours, etc, of the structures listed |
| Quadrantanopia | Optic radiation | Strokes, tumours, etc |
| Tunnel vision | Retina, occipital cortex (with macular sparing) | Advanced retinitis pigmentosa, vascular disease of the occipital cortex, functional visual loss |