Article Text
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most effective and cost-efficient methods for protecting people with multiple sclerosis (MS) from infections. However, use of vaccines has often been problematic because of misguided concerns that they may exacerbate the disease and/or that some disease-modifying therapies may influence the immune response to immunisations and/or their safety. People with MS risk higher morbidity and mortality from vaccine-preventable infections. It is, therefore, important to address any patient’s reluctance to accept vaccination and to provide clear guidance for clinicians on which vaccinations to consider proactively. We have reviewed the current literature and provide recommendations regarding vaccines in adults with MS, including specific advice regarding vaccination safety in patients receiving—or going to receive—disease-modifying therapies, vaccination during pregnancy, pretravel counselling and patient education.
- Immunology
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Neuroimmunology
- Epilepsy
- Trigeminal Neuralgia
- Infectious Diseases
- Myelopathy
- Tuberculosis
- Biochemistry
- Magnetic Stimulation
- Stiff Man Syndrome
- Postmortem
- Mri
- Lambert-Eaton Syndrome
- Paraproteinaemia
- CSF
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Footnotes
Twitter G Giovannoni @gavingiovannoni.
Contributors SR and GG conceived the review. SR, NS and GG wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All the authors participated in the critical revision of the manuscript.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Ethical approval information Not applicable.
Data sharing statement Not applicable.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed by Neil Scolding, Bristol, UK.