@article {Zarkalipractneurol-2016-001483, author = {Angeliki Zarkali and Nikos Gorgoraptis and Robert Miller and Laurence John and Ashirwad Merve and Stefanie Thust and Rolf Jager and Dimitri Kullmann and Orlando Swayne}, title = {CD8+ encephalitis: a severe but treatable HIV-related acute encephalopathy}, elocation-id = {practneurol-2016-001483}, year = {2016}, doi = {10.1136/practneurol-2016-001483}, publisher = {BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}, abstract = {Rapidly progressive encephalopathy in an HIV-positive patient presents a major diagnostic and management challenge. CD8+ encephalitis is a severe but treatable form of HIV-related acute encephalopathy, characterised by diffuse perivascular and intraparenchymal CD8+ lymphocytic infiltration. It can occur in patients who are apparently stable on antiretroviral treatment and probably results from viral escape into the central nervous system. Treatment, including high-dose corticosteroids, can give an excellent neurological outcome, even in people with severe encephalopathy and a very poor initial neurological status. We report a woman with CD8+ encephalitis, with a normal CD4 count and undetectable serum viral load, who made a good recovery despite the severity of her presentation.}, issn = {1474-7758}, URL = {https://pn.bmj.com/content/early/2016/11/01/practneurol-2016-001483}, eprint = {https://pn.bmj.com/content/early/2016/11/01/practneurol-2016-001483.full.pdf}, journal = {Practical Neurology} }