Anderson and colleagues4: sensitivity and specificity of upper limb motor signs
| Test | Sensitivity (%) (95% Cl) | Specificity (%) (95% cl) |
|---|---|---|
| Finger rolling | 33 (21–47) | 100 (83–100) |
| Upper motor neuron pattern weakness | 30 (19–45) | 100 (83–100) |
| Rapid alternating movements | 30 (19–45) | 100 (83–100) |
| Forearm rolling | 24 (14–38) | 100 (83–100) |
| Pronator drift | 22 (12–36) | 100 (83–100) |
| Unilateral reduction arm swing | 22 (12–36) | 089 (69–97) |
| Tapping thumb to fingers | 20 (11–33) | 100 (83–100) |
| Fist opening and closing | 15 (8–28) | 100 (83–100) |
| Tapping thumb to index finger | 15 (8–28) | 100 (83–100) |
| Delayed shoulder shrug | 11 (5–23) | 100 (83–100) |
| Hyperreflexia | 11 (5–23) | 95 (75–99) |
| Wartenberg’s sign | 11 (5–23) | 95 (75–99) |
| Unilateral palmomental reflex | 11 (5–23) | 95 (75–99) |