Neurodegenerative | Alzheimer's disease |
Dementia with Lewy bodies | |
Frontotemporal dementia +/− motor neuron disease | |
Corticobasal degeneration | |
Progressive supranuclear palsy | |
Other prion disease (genetic, iatrogenic, variant CJD) | |
Immune mediated | Cerebral vasculitis |
Autoimmune limbic encephalitis (antivoltage gated potassium channel antibody, anti-GAD, anti-NMDA receptor) | |
Paraneoplastic encephalitis (anti-Hu, Ma, Ta, ANNA-3, CV2, amphiphysin, NMDA receptor, glutamate receptor) | |
Hashimoto's encephalopathy/steroid responsive encephalopathy | |
Infective | Viral encephalitis (enterovirus, HSV 1 or 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, HIV, West Nile (not UK), Japanese encephalitis B) |
Lyme disease (Borrelia) | |
Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii) | |
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis | |
Other | CNS lymphoma/intravascular lymphoma |
Vascular dementia | |
Not CJD but no diagnosis made (patients either improve, or die but autopsy not diagnostic) |
Those in bold represent potentially treatable conditions which must not be missed.
CJD, Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease; HSV, herpes simplex virus; NMDA, N-methyl D-aspartate.