Falls associated with transient loss of consciousness
| Modified from Bloem BR, Overeem S, van Dijk G. Syncopal falls, drop attacks and their mimics. In: Bronstein AM, Brandt T, Woollacott MH, et al, eds. Clinical disorders of balance, posture and gait. Arnold, London, 2004. (Reproduced in adapted form by permission of Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.) | |
| Syncope | |
| • Reflex syncope | Vasovagal syncope |
| Postprandial syncope | |
| Situational faint | |
| Carotid sinus syndrome | |
| Cough syncope | |
| • Orthostatic syncope | Autonomic failure: |
| • primary autonomic failure | |
| • secondary autonomic failure (drugs, alcohol) | |
| Hypovolaemia | |
| • Cardiac or cardiopulmonary syncope | Cardiac arrhythmias |
| Cardiac structural abnormalities (with obstruction of outflow) | |
| Non-syncopal | |
| • Epileptic seizures | |
| • Metabolic disorders | Hypoxia |
| Hypoglycaemia | |
| Hyperventilation | |
| • Intoxications | |
| • Cerebrovascular disorders | |
| • Migraine | |
| • Vascular—eg, subclavian steal syndrome (rare) | |