TABLE 1

Disturbances in the CSF dynamic system (“the working environment of the brain”) in INPH

  • Increased size of the ventricles

  • Increased CSF outflow resistance, Rout6

  • Slightly increased intracranial pressure 6

  • Increased aqueductal CSF stroke volume 31

  • Increased activity of wave-like variations of the ICP (b-waves) 67

  • Clinical symptoms respond to CSF shunting 4,12