Table 2 Factual items which distinguish between tonic-clonic epileptic seizures and syncope

	Factual item	Hofnagels, 1991			Sheldon, 2002
	Factual item	Sensitivity	Specificity	OR	Sensitivity	Specificity	OR
In favour of epilepsy	Tongue biting	0.41	0.94	7.3	0.45	0.97	16.5
	Head turning	NR	NR	NR	0.43	0.97	13.5
	Muscle pain	0.39	0.85	2.6	0.16	0.95	3.4
	Unconscious >5 min	0.68	0.55	1.5	NR	NR	NR
	Cyanosis	0.29	0.98	16.9	0.33	0.94	5.8
	Postictal confusion	0.85	0.83	5.0	0.94	0.69	3.0
In favour of syncope	Prolonged upright position	NR	NR	NR	0.40	0.98	20.4
	Sweating prior to loss of consciousness	0.36	0.98	18	0.35	0.94	5.9
	Nausea	0.28	0.98	14	0.28	0.94	4.7
	Presyncopal symptoms	NR	NR	NR	0.73	0.73	2.6
	Pallor	0.81	0.66	2.8	NR	NR	NR