Differential diagnoses of tardive movement disorders
| Neurodegenerative causes of movement disorders and psychiatric symptoms | |
|---|---|
| Disease | Consider when… |
| Wilson's disease | Patient under 50 years of age, liver disease |
| HD | Family history, chorea, tics, gait disturbance |
| Prion disease, HD2, dentatorubropallidoluysian atrophy | HD phenocopies. Suggestion of HD but HD gene negative |
| Chorea-acanthocytosis | Neuropathy |
| Lesch–Nyhan syndrome | Spasticity, self-mutilation, gout |
| NBIA1 (PANK2) | Gait abnormality, parkinsonism, chorea, dystonia |
| Other differential diagnoses of tardive movement disorders | |
|---|---|
| Disease or symptom | Consider when… |
| Idiopathic dystonia (particularly Meige syndrome and cervical dystonia) | Isolated movement disorder, sensory geste |
| DYT1 (gene) | Young onset generalised dystonia sparing head, neck and bulbar muscles |
| DYT6 (gene) | Dystonia affecting bulbar muscles and neck |
| Tourette syndrome | Young onset tics, obsessive compulsive disorder |
| Edentulous malocclusion | Movement disorder on removing dentures |
HD, Huntington's disease; HDL2, Huntington's disease-like 2 (junctophilin-3 gene); NBIA 1 (PANK2), neuronal brain iron accumulation type 1 (pantothenate kinase 2).