Major congenital malformation rate for pregnancies exposed to valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine and levetiracetam in monotherapy
| Registry | Major congenital malformation rate following antiepileptic drug exposure | |||
| Valproate | Carbamazepine | Lamotrigine | Levetiracetam | |
| UK and Ireland Epilepsy and Pregnancy Registry3 | 82/1200 (6.7%, CI 5.5% to 8.3%) | 43/1657 (2.6%, CI 1.9% to 3.5%) | 49/2098 (2.3%, CI 1.8% to 3.1%) | 2/304 (0.7%, CI 0.2% to 2.5%) |
| European Registry of Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy4 | Dose <700 mg: 24/431 (5.6%, CI 3.6% to 8.2%) Dose ≥700 to <1500 mg: 50/480 (10.4%, CI 7.81% to 13.5%) Dose ≥1500 mg: 24/99 (24.2%, CI 16.2% to 33.9%) | Dose <400 mg: 5/148 (3.4%, CI 1.1% to 7.7%) Dose ≥400 to <1000 mg: 56/1047 (5.3%, CI 4.1% to 6.9%) Dose ≥1000 mg: 18/207 (8.7%, CI 5.2% to 13.4%) | Dose <300 mg: 17/836 (2.0%, CI 1.2% to 3.2%) Dose ≥300 mg: 20/444 (4.5%, CI 2.8% to 6.9%) | NA |
| North American Antiepileptic Drug Pregnancy Registry5 | 30/323 (9.3%, CI 6.4% to 13.0%) | 31/1033 (3.0%, CI 2.1% to 4.2%) | 31/1562 (2.0%, CI 1.4% to 2.8%) | 11/450 (2.4%, CI 1.2% to 4.3%) |
NA, not available.