Table 2

Clinical manifestations of an acute porphyric attack and respective symptomatic treatment

Clinical featuresTreatment
Central
 Hallucinations/anxietyBenzodiazepines, phenothiazine, olanzapine
 SeizuresGabapentin, levetiracetam
Peripheral
 Pain related to peripheral neuropathyOpiates
 Respiratory weaknessVentilation
Autonomic
 Abdominal painOpiates
 Tachycardia/hypertensionBeta blockers
 ConstipationLactulose
 VomitingPhenothiazine