Antibodies targetting neuronal cell surface and synaptic proteins
| Antibody | Oncological association | Frequency of tumour | Response to immunotherapy | Neurological manifestations |
| VGKC complex LGI1 | Thymoma, small-cell lung cancer. | <10% | Good | Limbic encephalitis, hyponatremia and faciobrachial dystonic seizures. |
| CASPR2 | Thymoma | 40% | Good | Isaacs syndrome, Morvan’s syndrome and limbic encephalitis. |
| NMDAR | Ovarian teratomas, testicular germinoma and neuroblastoma. | Varies with age, sex, and ethnicity | Good | Psychiatric disturbances, dyskinesias, catatonia, central hypoventilation and autonomic instability, and opsoclonus–myoclonus. |
| AMPAR | Thymic tumours, lung carcinoma and breast adenocarcinoma. | 70% | Good | Limbic encephalitis and nystagmus. |
| GABA-A receptor | Thymoma, small-cell lung cancer and rectal cancer. | 40% | Good | Status epilepticus, epilepsia partialis continua, psychosis, behavioural disturbances, orolingual dyskinesias and chorea. |
| GABA-B receptor | Small-cell lung carcinoma and other neuroendocrine neoplasia. | 70% | Good | Limbic encephalitis and orolingual dyskinesias. |
| mGluR5 receptor | Hodgkin’s lymphoma. | >90% | Good | Cerebellar ataxia and limbic encephalitis (Ophelia syndrome). |
| GlyR | Thymoma, breast cancer and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. | <10% of published cases | Moderate | Progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus, oculomotor disturbances, dysautonomia, hyperekplexia and respiratory failure. |
| DPPX | None described to date. | Moderate | Encephalitis, sleep disturbances, myoclonus, hyperekplexia, dysautonomia and gastrointestinal dysmotility. | |
| IgLON5 | None described to date. | Poor | Non-REM parasomnias, REM sleep behaviour disorder, apnoea, stridor and cognitive decline. |
AMPAR, alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor; Caspr2, contactin-associated protein-like 2; DPPX, dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein-6; GABA-A, γ-aminobutyric acid--A; GABA-B, γ-aminobutyric acid-B; GlyR, glycine receptor; LGI1, leucine rich glioma inactivated protein 1; mGluR5, metabotropic glutamate receptor 5.NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; REM, rapid eye movement; VGKC, voltage gated potassium channel;