Summary of the common types of amyloid and most frequently affected organs1 14 16 36
| Form of amyloidosis | Acquired or hereditary | Underlying diagnosis | Precursor protein | Organ involvement | Treatment | |||||||
| Peripheral nervous system | Autonomic nervous system | Heart | Kidney | Liver | GIT | Eyes | Tongue | |||||
| AL | Acquired | Plasma cell dyscrasia | Monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain | ++ | ++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | ++ | – | +++ | Chemotherapy/ ASCT |
| hATTR | Hereditary | Mutations in TTR gene | Abnormal TTR | +++ | +++ | ++ | +/− | – | – | ++ | – | Liver transplant for younger patients with V30M-related ATTR, TTR stabilisers or genetic therapies |
| ATTRwt | Acquired | Wild-type TTR | + | – | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | Supportive | |
| AA | Acquired | Inflammatory disorders | SAA | – | ++ | +/− (late) | +++ | + (ate) | + | – | +/− | Suppression of inflammation |
| AFib | Hereditary | Mutations in fibrinogen α-chain gene | Abnormal fibrinogen | – | – | +/− | +++ | +/− | – | – | – | Supportive, organ transplant |
| AApoA1 | Hereditary | Mutations in apolipoprotein A1 gene | Abnormal ApoA1 | + | – | + | ++ | ++ | – | – | – | Supportive, organ transplant |
| ALys | Hereditary | Mutations in lysozyme gene | Abnormal lysozyme | – | – | +/− | +++ | ++ | ++ | – | – | Supportive, organ transplant |
| AGel | Hereditary | Mutations in gelsolin gene | Abnormal gelsolin | ++ (cranial) | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | Supportive |
| Aβ2M | Acquired or hereditary | Long-term dialysis | β2M | − (CTS) | – | +/− | – | +/− | – | – | – | Supportive, renal transplant |
+, less common; ++, common; +/−, rare; +++, very common; –, does not occur or not applicable; AA, amyloid A; AApoA1, apolipoprotein A1 amyloid; AFib, fibrinogen A α-chain; AGel, gelsolin amyloid; AL-amyloid, amyloid light chain; ALys, lysozyme amyloid; ASCT, autologous stem cell transplant; ATTR, amyloid transthyretin; CTS, Carpal tunnel syndrome; GIT, Gastrointestinal; β2M, β2-microglobulin-related; SAA, serum amyloid.