Toxic syndromes
| Toxic syndrome (causative agents) | Vitals | Pupils | Other findings |
| Sympathomimetic (cocaine, amphetamines and pseudoephedrine) | Hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and hypertension. | Mydriasis | Agitation, paranoia, diaphoresis, tremors and seizures. |
| Anticholinergic (tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines and scopolamine) | Hyperthermia, tachycardia, tachypnoea and hypertension. | Mydriasis | Hypervigilance, agitation, dry flushed skin and urinary retention. |
| Serotonin syndrome (MAOIs, SSRIs, SNRIs, tricyclic antidepressants, triptans, tramadol and dextromethorphan) | Hyperthermia, tachypnoea, tachycardia and hypertension. | Mydriasis | Agitation, tremor, diaphoresis, hyper-reflexia, clonus, myoclonus. Findings more prominent in lower extremities. |
| Neuroleptic syndrome (typical and atypical antipsychotics) | Hyperthermia, tachypnoea, tachycardia and hypertension. | Normal | Decreased level of awareness, mutism, lead-pipe rigidity and hyporeflexia. |
MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor; SNRI, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; TCA, tricyclic antidepressant.