Table 1
High-risk PFOPFO with atrial septal aneurysm or
PFO without atrial septal aneurysm but with spontaneous right-to-left shunt or
PFO without atrial septal aneurysm but with large shunt during Valsalva manoeuvre
Low-risk PFOPFO without atrial septal aneurysm with small or moderate shunt size during Valsalva manoeuvre

  • Based on Carroll et al.23

  • PFO, patent foramen ovale.