Examples of immunohistochemistry
| Dystrophin—there are three commonly used antibodies to dystrophin—Dys-1 (binds to the rod), Dys-2 (binds to the C-terminal) and Dys-3 (binds to the N-terminal) | Duchenne muscular dystrophy Becker muscular dystrophy |
| Spectrin | Used to assess membrane integrity—important for accurate interpretation of, for instance, dystrophin staining |
| Myotilin | LGMD1A |
| Caveolin-3 | LGMD1C |
| Dysferlin | LGMD2B |
| Sarcoglycan | LGMD2C–F |
| Major histocompatibility complex class I—upregulation on sarcolemma CD68 (macrophage), CD20 (B cells) or CD8 (cytotoxic T cell), CD4 (T helper cells and dendritic cells). Membrane-attack complex deposit seen on capillary endothelium in dermatomyositis | Inflammatory myositis—helps identify a myositis and to distinguish between dermatomyositis, overlap myositis, polymyositis, inclusion body myositis and necrotising autoimmune myopathy. |
| Demonstrate inclusions—for example TDP-43, p62, tau, amyloid | Seen in inclusion body myositis |
| Desmin, myotilin, gelsolin, β-amyloid precursor protein and other proteins | Seen in myofibrillar myopathies |