Disorder | Definition/distinguishing feature |
Grasp reflex | Simple frontal release sign. |
Utilisation behaviour | Involuntary (and inappropriate) use of a presented object for its usual purpose. |
Hemineglect | Loss of awareness of limb as belonging to the person. |
Mirror movements | One hand involuntarily mimics the movement of the other. |
Pseudoathetosis | Involuntary movement of extremities due to proprioceptive loss. |
Task specific limb dystonia | Provoked task specific abnormal limb posturing (eg, writer’s cramp). |
Focal dystonia | Abnormal limb posturing that may increase with distraction or as overflow from movement of other limbs. |
Hemiballismus | Unilateral large amplitude ballistic movements of limbs -exaggeration of chorea. |
Clonic perseveration | Rhythmic, stereotyped and repetitive movements. |
Hemiataxia | Clumsy ataxic limb with no involuntary movements. |
Neurological phenomena that should be distinguished from alien limb. Note that for the motor phenomena in this table there is preserved sense of limb ownership and no sense of the affected limb(s) being ‘foreign’. Adapted with permission from: Hassan and Josephs.72