Autoimmunity versus autoinflammation
| Autoimmunity | Autoinflammation | |
| Immune dysregulation | Adaptive Organ-specific | Innate Not organ-specific |
| Genetic basis | Often polygenic | Often monogenic |
| Predominant effector mechanisms | B cells → autoantibodies Autoreactive T cells | IL-1β and other proinflammatory cytokines Monocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils |
| Pathogenesis of organ damage | Autoantibody- or autoantigen-specific T cell-mediated | Neutrophil-mediated or macrophage-mediated |
| Major therapeutic targets | B or T cells (eg, rituximab, alemtuzumab) | IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα (eg, anakinra, tocilizumab, etanercept) |
Adapted from Krainer et al.5