Heatmap showing the ability of CSF Alzheimer’s biomarkers to discriminate AD dementia from other types of dementia
| Effect size/fold change compared with AD (95% CI) | |||
| CSF biomarker | Aβ42 | p-tau181 | t-tau |
| Frontotemporal dementia | 1.66 (1.57 to 1.75) | 0.52 (0.48 to 0.56) | 0.52 (0.49 to 0.56) |
| Progressive supranuclear palsy | 1.48 (1.35 to 1.62) | 0.43 (0.38 to 0.48) | 0.37 (0.33 to 0.41) |
| Parkinson’s disease | 1.68 (1.22 to 1.55) | 0.46 (0.42 to 0.50) | 0.35 (0.32 to 0.39) |
| Dementia with Lewy bodies | 1.16 (1.10 to 1.22) | 0.56 (0.52 to 0.60) | 0.49 (0.46 to 0.53) |
| Parkinson’s disease dementia | 1.37 (1.22 to 1.55) | 0.53 (0.46 to 0.60) | 0.43 (0.39 to 0.47) |
| Multiple system atrophy | 1.55 (1.45 to 1.65) | 0.41 (0.37 to 0.46) | 0.39 (0.33 to 0.46) |
| Normal pressure hydrocephalus | 1.37 (1.20 to 1.57) | 0.35 (0.29 to 0.42) | 0.35 (0.27 to 0.46) |
| Vascular dementia | 1.31 (1.23 to 1.39) | 0.55 (0.49 to 0.61) | 0.40 (0.53 to 0.67) |
Data are adapted from the Alzbiomarker database V.3.0 (July 2021).2
Orange indicates a higher level of the biomarker in the non-AD dementia compared with AD dementia. Cyan indicates a lower level of the biomarker in the non-AD dementia. All fold changes are significant at the p<0.0001 level.
AD, Alzheimer’s disease; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.