Lead Paper
2002 Refshauge lecture when to retire after concussion?

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1440-2440(02)80002-0Get rights and content

The management of an athlete with recurrent concussions, whether persistently symptomatic or not, remains anecdotal. There are no evidence-based guidelines upon which a team physician can advise the athlete. All doctors involved in athlete care need to be aware of the potential for medicolegal problems if athletes are inappropriately returned to sport prematurely or in the case of professional athletes held out of sport or retired on the basis of non-scientific recommendations.

References (81)

  • AlbrightJ.

    Head and neck injuries in college football. An eight year analysis

    Am J Sports Med

    (1985)
  • AubryM. et al.
  • BarnesB.C. et al.

    Concussion history in elite male and female soccer players

    Am J Sports Med

    (1998)
  • BarthJ.T. et al.

    Mild head injury in sports: neuropsychological sequelae and recovery of function

  • BarthJ.T. et al.

    Neuropsychological sequelae of minor head injury

    Neurosurgery

    (1983)
  • BijurP. et al.

    Cognitive outcomes of multiple head injuries in children

    J Devel Behav Paediatr

    (1996)
  • BodenB.P. et al.

    Concussion incidence in elite college soccer players

    Am J Sports Med

    (1998)
  • BohnenN. et al.

    Late neurobehavioural symptoms after mild head injury

    Brain Inj

    (1995)
  • BruceD.A. et al.

    Diffuse cerebral swelling following head injuries in children: the syndrome of ā€˜malignant brain oedemaā€™

    J Neurosurg

    (1981)
  • CantuR.

    Catastrophic head and spine injuries

  • CantuR.C.

    Guidelines for return to contact sports after cerebral concussion

    Phys Sportsmed

    (1986)
  • CantuR.C.

    Head injuries in sport

    Br J Sports Med

    (1996)
  • CollieA. et al.

    Computerised neuropsychological testing in sport

    Br J Sports Med

    (2001)
  • CollinsM. et al.

    Relationship between concussion and neuropsychological performance in college football players

    J Am Med Assoc

    (1999)
  • Congress of Neurological Surgeons

    Committee on Head Injury Nomenclature: Glossary of Head Injury

    Clin Neurosurg

    (1966)
  • CorsellisJ.A. et al.

    The aftermath of boxing

    Psychol Med

    (1973)
  • DikmenS. et al.

    Neuropsychological and psychological consequences of minor head injury

    J Neurol Neurosurg Psych

    (1986)
  • DikmenS. et al.

    Psychological deficits and recovery of functions after head injury

    Trans Am Neurol Assoc

    (1976)
  • FriedmanG. et al.

    Apelipoprotein E-epsilon 4 genotype predicts a poor outcome in survivors of traumatic brain injury

    Neurology

    (1999)
  • GennarelliT.A.

    Mechanisms and pathophysiology of cerebral concussion

    J Head Trauma Rehab

    (1986)
  • GennarelliT.A.

    Mechanisms of brain injury

    J Emerg Med

    (1993)
  • GennarelliT.A. et al.

    Neuropathology of the Head Injuries

    Semin Clin Neuropsychiatry

    (1998)
  • GentiliniM. et al.

    Neuropsychological evaluation of mild head injury

    J Neurol Neurosurg Psych

    (1985)
  • GerberichS.G. et al.

    Concussion incidences and severity in secondary school varsity football players

    Am J Public Health

    (1983)
  • GronwallD.

    Performance changes during recovery from closed head injury

  • GronwallD.

    Cumulative and persisting effects of concussion on attention and cognition

  • GronwallD. et al.

    The psychological effects of concussion

    (1974)
  • HovdaD. et al.

    The neurochemical and metabolic cascade following brain injury: moving from animal models to man

    J Neurotrauma

    (1995)
  • HugenholzH. et al.

    How long does it take to recover from a mild concussion?

    Neurosurgery

    (1988)
  • JohnstonK. et al.

    Evidence based review of sport-related concussion - clinical science

    Clin J Sport Med

    (2001)
  • Cited by (10)

    View all citing articles on Scopus
    View full text