Movement Disorders after Resuscitation from Cardiac Arrest
Section snippets
Posthypoxic myoclonus
Myoclonus refers to sudden, shock-like, involuntary movements that can manifest in various patterns. Myoclonus may be focal, where a few adjacent muscles are involved; multifocal, where many muscles jerk asynchronously; or generalized, where most of the muscles of the body are involved in synchronized fashion. Additionally, myoclonic movements may be spontaneous or they may be activated by either movement or sensory stimulation. Finally, myoclonus may be comprised of “positive” movements, in
Other posthypoxic movement disorders
A variety of other movement disorders are observed after cerebral hypoxia, including parkinsonism, dystonia, chorea, athetosis, and tremor [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. Although PHM may result from injury to the cerebellum or thalamus, many of these other movement disorders are caused by damage of the basal ganglia. Dystonia is one of the more common movement disorders to occur after cerebral hypoxia and may develop in combination with an akinetic-rigid (parkinsonian) syndrome. This article
Summary
It is difficult to predict precisely the final neurologic outcome from cardiac arrest and accompanying cerebral hypoxia. Although rare, several movement disorders may arise as a consequence of hypoxic injury, including myoclonus, dystonia, akinetic-rigid syndromes, tremor, and chorea. Dysfunction of various portions of the central nervous system, including the basal ganglia, thalamus, midbrain, and cerebellum, is implicated in the pathogenesis of these posthypoxic movement disorders. The
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